Electing a president in Nigeria may seem complicated, but it follows clear constitutional rules. Understanding this process helps citizens follow elections, evaluate leaders, and participate responsibly.
Here’s a step-by-step guide on how Nigerian presidents are elected:
Step 1: Eligibility Requirements
To run for president, a Nigerian must:
- Be at least 35 years old (raised from 30 in 2018)
- Be a citizen by birth
- Belong to a political party
- Have at least a school certificate or equivalent
Fun fact: All current presidents, including Tinubu, met these requirements.
Step 2: Political Party Nomination
Candidates must be nominated by their political party through a primary election. Major parties in Nigeria include:
- APC (All Progressives Congress)
- PDP (Peoples Democratic Party)
- ADC (African Democratic Congress)
- LP (Labour Party)
- Other regional or smaller parties
The party officially endorses the candidate before the general election.
Step 3: Voting Process
Presidential elections in Nigeria are directly voted for by citizens.
Key points:
- Voting occurs nationwide on a single day (usually February/March)
- Citizens cast votes for their preferred candidate
- Elections are supervised by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)
Step 4: Winning Requirements
To win the presidency, a candidate must:
- Obtain the highest number of votes (simple majority)
- Secure at least 25% of votes in at least two-thirds of the 36 states + FCT
This ensures that a president has broad national support, not just regional popularity.
Step 5: Runoff Election (If Needed)
If no candidate meets both requirements, a runoff election occurs between the top two candidates.
This has only happened in a few Nigerian elections historically.
Step 6: Declaration and Inauguration
- INEC declares the winner
- The president-elect is inaugurated within a legally specified period
- Term: 4 years, renewable once
Quick Facts About Nigerian Elections
- Presidential elections are held every 4 years
- Voting age: 18+
- Elections include simultaneous national and state votes
- Electronic and manual voting systems are used depending on location
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: Who oversees Nigerian presidential elections?
A: The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).
Q2: Can a president serve more than two terms?
A: No, the constitution limits presidents to two 4-year terms.
Q3: What happens if a president dies or is impeached?
A: The Vice President assumes office until the next election.
Q4: Why is 25% of votes in two-thirds of states required?
A: To ensure the president has national support, not just regional backing.
Why This Matters
- Understanding the election process helps citizens:
- Make informed voting decisions
- Understand regional and national politics
- Participate in democratic governance
READ: Complete List of Nigerian Presidents with Zones & Achievements (1960–2026)
